Our panel of experienced protectors of client privileges will discuss both legal and practical aspects of ensuring data protected from disclosure remains protected during an investigation or litigation. The basic concepts of privilege are easy enough to define, but applying those concepts and taking the steps necessary to defensibly rely on them involves a deeper understanding of both the legal issues and practical applications. We will discuss common pitfalls and misconceptions as well as steps that clients can take before, during, and after a litigation or investigations to help avoid waiver of protections. Options for using technology and project management principals to reduce risks of waiver will also be highlighted.