- American Bar Association, Antitrust Section
- New York State Bar Association, Antitrust Section Executive Committee member
- Faculty Lecturer with the Practicing Law Institute
Education
- Fordham University School of Law, J.D., 2000
- Yeshiva University, B.A., magna cum laude, 1997
Bar Admissions
- New York
Court Admissions
- U.S. District Court, Southern District of New York
- U.S. District Court, Eastern District of New York
- U.S. Court of Appeals, Second Circuit
- U.S. Court of Appeals, Fifth Circuit
- U.S. Court of Appeals, Ninth Circuit
- Supreme Court of the United States
- Speaker, Annual Antitrust CLE Event – 2025, Troutman Pepper Locke, December 4, 2025.
- Speaker, “Transacting on Hard Mode: Lawyering in the Energy Transition,” HC Commodities Podcast, July 29, 2025.
- Speaker, “Navigating Tax Credits, Trade Policy, and U.S. Manufacturing Goals,” Giga USA, June 3-4, 2025.
- Speaker, “The State of Energy Storage: What You Need to Know,” Energy Law Insights, May 8, 2023.
- Moderator, “Ouch & Never Again: Anti-Circumvention/Biden Moratorium,” Infocast Solar + Wind Finance & Investment Summit, March 13, 2023.
- Moderator for NYSBA Antitrust Section Panel – “Pharma to Table: What’s Hot?”
- Panelist for NYSBA Antitrust Section Panel – “Feeling Blue: Antitrust Challenges to Health Insurers in the Post-Affordable Care Act World.”
- Moderator for NYSBA Antitrust Section Panel – “What Hath Leegin Wrought? Has State Enforcement Served or Stymied the Public Interest?”
- Co-author, “Know Your Importer: CBP Ends the Era of the Anonymous Foreign Importer of Record,” Troutman Pepper Locke, November 9, 2026.
- Co-author, “Robots at the Border: Washington Puts Robotics and Industrial Machinery on the Section 232 Clock,” Troutman Pepper Locke, November 6, 2026.
- Co-author, “Canada Tariff Reshuffle: 22 Products Out, 100 In Under the 50% Section 338 Duty,” Troutman Pepper Locke, November 5, 2026. Cited, Hashtag Investing and MSN, November 11, 2026.
- Co-author, “Wind Turbines Get a Section 232 Warning Shot: Talks Now, Tariffs Possibly Later,” Troutman Pepper Locke, November 4, 2026.
- Co-author, “Forty Percent or Bust: Commerce Defines ‘US Content’ for USMCA Metals-Derivative Equipment, and the Definition Matters Less Than the Cap,” Troutman Pepper Locke, October 19, 2026.
- Co-author, “Getting Duties Back: Where Recovery Stands Under IEEPA, Section 122, and Section 301 Forced Labor Tariffs,” Troutman Pepper Locke, October 12, 2026. Cited, “Importers Ask Trade Court to Order Automatic Tariff Refunds for All 330,000 IEEPA Payers, Not Just Those Who Sued,” MLQ.ai, November 12, 2026.
- Co-author, “A CAPEable Solution: How We Can Help With CBP’s CAPE Phase 3 Rollout for CIT Plaintiffs Seeking IEEPA Tariff Refunds,” Troutman Pepper Locke, October 2, 2026.
- Co-author, “From Duties to Import Bans: President Trump Escalates Section 338 Actions Against Canadian Goods,” Troutman Pepper Locke, September 10, 2026.
- Co-author, “Currents of Control: What the New Executive Order on Bulk-Power System Equipment Means for Your Business,” Troutman Pepper Locke, August 31, 2026.
- Co-author, “FCC Modifies Covered List Entry for Foreign-Produced Power Inverters,” Troutman Pepper Locke, August 25, 2026.
- Co-author, “Three-Day Suspension of Section 338 Additional Duties on Canadian Imports,” Troutman Pepper Locke, August 21, 2026.
- Co-author, “The $800 Free Pass Is Gone: CIT Confirms President Can Eliminate De Minimis Tariff Exemption,” Troutman Pepper Locke, August 18, 2026.
- Co-author, “Cleared for Tariffs: What the New Section 232 Drone Tariffs Mean for the UAS Industry,” Troutman Pepper Locke, August 17, 2026.
- Co-author, “To Sue or Not to Sue: That Is the Question for IEEPA Tariff Refunds,” Troutman Pepper Locke, August 13, 2026.
- Co-author, “A Cautionary Tale: FTC Obtains $12M Settlement for HSR Act Failure to File Violation,” American Bar Association, August 6, 2026.
- Co-author, “Grid Lockout: FCC Bars Foreign-Produced Power Inverters From the US Market,” Troutman Pepper Locke, August 10, 2026.
- Co-author, “Polysilicon Under Pressure: New Section 232 Tariffs Reshape Solar and Semiconductor Supply Chains,” Troutman Pepper Locke, August 7, 2026.
- Co-author, “Forced Labor, Meet Section 301: New Tariffs Target 60 of America’s Biggest Trading Partners,” Troutman Pepper Locke, July 24, 2026.
- Co-author, “Carrots and Sticks: Aluminum Tariff Breaks and Tougher Defense Sourcing Rules,” Troutman Pepper Locke, July 22, 2026.
- Co-author, “Three Strikes: New 50% Tariffs to Hit Certain Canadian Goods — and USMCA Won’t Save You,” Troutman Pepper Locke, July 21, 2026.
- Co-author, “Brazil in the Crosshairs: What Brazil’s New Section 301 Tariff Means, Coming July 22,” Troutman Pepper Locke, July 20, 2026.
- Co-author, “A Cautionary Tale: FTC Obtains $12M Settlement for Hart-Scott-Rodino Act Failure to File Violation,” Troutman Pepper Locke, July 15, 2026.
- Co-author, “No More Free Ride: Navigating CBP’s New International Mail Entry Process,” Troutman Pepper Locke, July 15, 2026.
- Co-author, “Beyond CAPE: Importers Move for Class Certification to Recover Liquidated IEEPA Tariffs Not Covered in Phase 1 of Refund Process,” Troutman Pepper Locke, July 6, 2026.
- Co-author, “DOJ Settles Challenge to Ohio Health Care System’s Insurance Contracting Practices,” Troutman Pepper Locke, June 30, 2026.
- Co-author, “Germany in the Crosshairs: USTR’s New Section 301 Drug Pricing Investigation and What It Means Alongside the Section 232 Pharmaceutical Tariff Regime,” Troutman Pepper Locke, June 29, 2026.
- Co-author, “President Trump Further Adjusts Section 232 Tariffs on Aluminum, Steel, and Copper,” Troutman Pepper Locke, June 5, 2026.
- Co-author, “New Sheriff at the Port: President Trump’s Executive Order Rewrites the Rules on Customs Enforcement,” Troutman Pepper Locke, June 5, 2026.
- Co-author, “New Section 301 Forced Labor Actions: USTR Proposes Duties on Nearly All US Imports,” Troutman Pepper Locke, June 4, 2026.
- Co-author, “Government Plans to Appeal Universal IEEPA Tariff Refund Order,” Troutman Pepper Locke, June 2, 2026.
- Co-author, “BIS Issues Procedures for Onshoring Agreements to Mitigate 100% Tariffs on Patented Pharmaceuticals,” Troutman Pepper Locke, May 15, 2026.
- Co-author, “Federal Circuit Hits Pause on CIT’s Section 122 Tariff Ruling,” Troutman Pepper Locke, May 13, 2026.
- Co-author, “Phase One IEEPA Tariff Refunds Are Hitting Bank Accounts: What Importers Should Do Now and Implications for the Secondary Market in Refund Rights,” Troutman Pepper Locke, May 12, 2026.
- Co-author, “CIT Narrows Executive Tariff Authority, Invalidates Section 122 ‘Bridge’ Tariffs for Named Importers Only,” Troutman Pepper Locke, May 11, 2026.
- Co-author, “CBP Issues Guidance on IEEPA Duty Refunds via New CAPE Process: What Importers Must Do Before April 20,” Troutman Pepper Locke, April 13, 2026.
- Co-author, “From Zero to 100% – New Section 232 Tariffs on Patented Drugs and the High-Stakes Onshoring and MFN Choices Ahead,” Troutman Pepper Locke, April 7, 2026.
- Co-author, “Metals Market Shake-Up: Higher Section 232 Tariffs, Broader Coverage, Narrower Relief,” Troutman Pepper Locke, April 6, 2026.
- Co-author, “CBP’s CAPE Crusade: A New 45-Day Path to IEEPA Duty Refunds,” Troutman Pepper Locke, April 1, 2026.
- Co-author, “Federal Approval Is No Safe Harbor: State AGs Redefine Merger Risk in Trump 2.0 as 8 States Sue to Block $6.2B Nexstar-Tegna Merger,” Troutman Pepper Locke, March 25, 2026.
- Co-author, “CBP Provides Further Details on IEEPA-Related Refund Mechanism,” Troutman Pepper Locke, March 20, 2026.
- Co-author, “Plan B After IEEPA: Section 301 as the New Tariff Framework for Overcapacity and Forced Labor,” Troutman Pepper Locke, March 16, 2026.
- Co-author, “Universal Tariff Relief Unlocked: CIT Orders Refunds of IEEPA-Related Tariffs for All Affected Importers,” Troutman Pepper Locke, March 5, 2026.
- Co-author, “Supreme Court Strikes Down IEEPA Tariffs; Trump Responds With Section 122 Global Surcharge,” Troutman Pepper Locke, February 24, 2026.
- Co-author, “CFIUS 2.0? Request for Information Provides Unique Opportunity to Comment on the Foreign Investor Review Process,” Troutman Pepper Locke, February 23, 2026.
- Co-author, “US Rescinds 25% Additional Duties on Indian-Origin Imports,” Troutman Pepper Locke, February 17, 2026.
- Co-author, “US Launches Critical Minerals Strategy and New ‘Reciprocal Trade’ Deals,” Troutman Pepper Locke, February 9, 2026.
- Co-author, “High-Voltage Enforcement: UFLPA Turns Up the Heat on Lithium-Ion and Energy Storage Imports,” Troutman Pepper Locke, February 2, 2025.
- Co-author, “CFIUS 2026 Kickoff: A Three-Event Countdown Reshaping Foreign Investment Risk,” Troutman Pepper Locke, January 21, 2026.
- Co-author, “FTC Announces Annual Changes to the HSR Act’s Notification Thresholds,” Troutman Pepper Locke, January 16, 2026.
- Co-author, “From Chips to Minerals: New Section 232 Tariff Actions Target Semiconductors and Critical Minerals,” Troutman Pepper Locke, January 15, 2026.
- Co-author, “White House Delays Planned Tariff Increases on Wood Products,” Troutman Pepper Locke, January 12, 2026.
- Co-author, “CBP Moving to Fully Electronic Refunds: What Importers Need to Know Now,” Troutman Pepper Locke, January 7, 2026.
- Co-author, “Labor Markets: FTC Takes Civil Action Against Vendor’s Customer No-Hire Agreements,” Troutman Pepper Locke, December 23, 2025.
- Co-author, “Liquidate Now, Litigate Later: Court Rejects Bid to Halt Liquidation of Entries Subject to IEEPA Tariffs,” Troutman Pepper Locke, December 19, 2025.
- Co-author, “IEEPA Tariffs May Fall, but Refunds May Not: Why a New CIT Case Matters for Every Importer,” Troutman Pepper Locke, December 5, 2025.
- Co-author, “Department of Energy Announces Funding Process for Domestic Rare Earth Element Supply Chains,” Troutman Pepper Locke, December 3, 2025.
- Co-author, “US Expands Exemptions on Reciprocal Tariffs and Brazil Tariffs and Announces Framework Trade Deals With Additional Trading Partners,” Troutman Pepper Locke, November 26, 2025.
- Co-author, “Department of Energy Announces Funding Process for Critical Minerals and Materials,” Troutman Pepper Locke, November 24, 2025.
- Co-author, “White House Rolls Back China Duties as Supreme Court Weighs IEEPA Authority,” Troutman Pepper Locke, November 10, 2025.
- Co-author, “Tariffs Imposed on Medium- and Heavy-Duty Vehicles, Parts, and Buses Under Section 232,” Troutman Pepper Locke, October 21, 2025.
- Co-author, “Tariffs Imposed on Timber, Lumber, and Derivative Wood Products,” Troutman Pepper Locke, October 2, 2025.
- Co-author, “Rising Trade Tensions in Health Care: The Section 232 Medical Supply Tariffs,” Troutman Pepper Locke, September 30, 2025.
- Co-author, “United States – Japan Trade Agreement Takes Effect,” Troutman Pepper Locke, September 29, 2025.
- Co-author, “Preventing Forced Labor in Global Supply Chains: Key Updates to the 2025 UFLPA Strategy and What Importers Need to Know,” Troutman Pepper Locke, September 23, 2025.
- Co-author, “FTC Stakes Out Its Position on Worker Noncompetes,” Troutman Pepper Locke, September 9, 2025.
- Co-author, “DOJ Antitrust Division AAG Slater Announces “Comply With Care” Task Force,” Troutman Pepper Locke, September 3, 2025.
- Co-author, “CFIUS Releases 2024 Annual Report on National Security and Foreign Investment,” Troutman Pepper Locke, August 21, 2025.
- Co-author, “US Extends China Tariff Truce by 90 Days,” Troutman Pepper Locke, August 12, 2025.
- Co-author, “Doubling Down – US Slaps 25% Additional Tariff on Indian Imports for India’s Oil Trade With Russia,” Troutman Pepper Locke, August 7, 2025.
- Co-author, “Tariff Surge: Trade Deals Announced, US Increases Canadian Tariffs and Amends Reciprocal Tariffs,” Troutman Pepper Locke, August 1, 2025.
- Co-author, “‘Tariff Tsunami’: New Copper Tariffs and Changes to De Minimis Duty Exemption,” Troutman Pepper Locke, August 1, 2025.
- Co-author, “Label With Care: FTC Intensifies Focus on Misleading “Made in USA” Claims,” Troutman Pepper Locke, July 21, 2025.
- Co-author, “Antitrust Division Declares Enterprise Wireless Merger Settlement a Victory,” Troutman Pepper Locke, July 2, 2025.
- Co-author, “IEEPA Tariffs to Remain Temporarily Despite Adverse Ruling; Aluminum and Steel Tariff Rate Increased,” Troutman Pepper Locke and EACCNY.com, June 12, 2025.
- Co-author, “DAAG Rinner Says Merger Enforcement to Combine ‘Fairness and Robust Enforcement’,” Troutman Pepper Locke, June 10, 2025.
- Co-author, “USTR Issues 3-Month Extension for Certain Section 301 Tariff Exclusions on Chinese Imports,” Troutman Pepper Locke, June 3, 2025.
- Co-author, “What Does the New Administration’s First Antitrust Merger Settlement Tell Us?,” Troutman Pepper Locke, June 2, 2025.
- Co-author, “Review Risk Is Increasing for Foreign Real Estate Developers,” Law360, May 27, 2025.
- Podcast, “A Voltage Voyage With Danielle Spalding, Cirba Solutions,” Battery + Storage Podcast, May 27, 2025.
- Co-author, “Temporary Reduction of Reciprocal Tariffs on Chinese Goods Following US-China Trade Truce,” Troutman Pepper Locke, May 14, 2025.
- Co-author, “FEOC May Expand in Scope and Application for Inflation Reduction Act,” POWER Magazine, May 1, 2025.
- Podcast, “What’s the Buzz in the Battery World With Roger Miksad, BCI,” Battery + Storage Podcast, April 22, 2025.
- Co-author, “White House Releases List of Products Excluded From Reciprocal Tariffs,” Troutman Pepper Locke, April 14, 2025.
- Co-author, “US Modifies Reciprocal Tariff Rates,” Troutman Pepper Locke, April 11, 2025.
- Co-author, “New Steel and Aluminum Tariffs in Effect,” Troutman Pepper Locke, April 10, 2025.
- Co-author, “New Section 232 Tariffs on Automobiles and Automotive Parts,” Troutman Pepper Locke, April 8, 2025.
- Co-author, “Unpacking the New Reciprocal Tariffs Reshaping US Trade Policies,” Troutman Pepper Locke, April 7, 2025.
- Co-author, “Exclusions From the Tariffs on Canadian and Mexican Goods Under HTS Chapters 98 and 99,” Troutman Pepper Locke, March 14, 2025.
- Co-author, “Clean Energy Tax Credits Explained: The Section 45X Advanced Manufacturing Production Tax Credit,” Thomson Reuters, January 29, 2025.
- Co-author, “FTC Takes Another Shot at Private Equity Roll-Ups,” Troutman Pepper Locke, January 21, 2025.
- Co-author, “FTC and DOJ Jointly Issue Antitrust Guidelines Related to Labor,” Troutman Pepper Locke, January 17, 2025.
- Co-author, “FTC Announces Annual Changes to the HSR Act’s Notification Thresholds,” Troutman Pepper Locke, January 13, 2025.
- Co-author, “Navigating 4th Circ.’s Antitrust Burden In Hybrid Relationships,” Law360, December 2, 2024.
- Co-author, “Antitrust Burden Heightened in Fourth Circuit for Prosecutors in Hybrid Horizontal-Vertical Relationships,” Troutman Pepper, November 15, 2024.
- Co-author, “Charging Ahead: Legal, Regulatory, and Operational Considerations for EV Infrastructure Development,” Troutman Pepper, October 1, 2024.
- Co-author, “FTC Bans Employee Noncompete Clauses,” Troutman Pepper, April 24, 2024. Republished on EACCNY, April 25, 2024.
- Co-author, “FTC Updates HSR and Clayton Act Thresholds; Increases Civil Penalties for Violations,” Troutman Pepper, January 24, 2024.
- Co-author, “IRS Issues Proposed Guidance on Advanced Manufacturing Production Tax Credit Under IRA,” Troutman Pepper, December 21, 2023.
- Co-author, “Guidance Suggests U.S. Clean Vehicle Subsidies Require Disengagement From China Supply Chains,” Troutman Pepper, December 13, 2023.
- Co-author, “Amgen, Black Knight, and Assa Abloy: Are Merger Settlements Making a Comeback?,” Troutman Pepper, September 11, 2023.
- Co-author, “FTC and DOJ Announce Workshops on the 2023 Draft Merger Guidelines,” Troutman Pepper, August 29, 2023.
- Co-author, “Interlocking Directorates in the Antitrust Crosshairs,” Troutman Pepper, August 24, 2023.
- Co-author, “The Evolution of the FTC and DOJ Continues: Agencies Seek Public Comment on Draft Merger Guidelines,” Troutman Pepper, August 1, 2023.
- Co-author, “Updated IRS Guidance on Critical Minerals and Battery Components Has Demonstrable, Ongoing Implications for Domestic and Foreign EV Manufacturing,” Troutman Pepper, April 11, 2023.
- Co-author, “Newly Released CFIUS Enforcement and Penalty Guidelines,” Troutman Pepper, October 28, 2022.
- Co-author, “EO Provides CFIUS Guidance on Conducting National Security Reviews,” Troutman Pepper, September 26, 2022.
- Co-author, “Third Circuit: Non-Pharmaceutical Cases,” GCR – US Courts Annual Review (Third Edition), June 2022.
- Co-author, “FTC Requires Divestitures in Gasoline Terminal Deal,” Troutman Pepper, June 30, 2022.
- Co-author, “Executive Order Throws Down the Gauntlet for a New Era of Antitrust Enforcement,” Troutman Pepper, July 16, 2021.
- Co-author, “FTC Meeting Opens the Door to a Period of Greater Uncertainty,” Troutman Pepper, July 6, 2021.
- Co-author, “IRS Rules on Section 45Q Eligibility for Separately Owned and Subsequently Installed Property at Qualified Facility ,” Troutman Pepper, July 6, 2021.
- Co-author, “Lina Khan Selected as FTC Chair,” Troutman Pepper, June 23, 2021.
- Co-Author, “State Enforcers Expanding Premerger and Antitrust Jurisdiction Over Healthcare Transactions: Guidance for This Growing Trend,” The American Bar Association, December 2020.
- Co-author, “COVID-19 Hits Global Merger Antitrust Enforcement: Potential Considerations,” COVID-19 Resource Center, March 23, 2020.
- Co-author, “Recent CFIUS Developments Indicate Renewed Commitment to Enforcement,” Troutman Sanders, April 30, 2019.
- Co-author, “Proving Antitrust Damages: Legal and Economic Issues,” Third Edition, June 2017.
- Cited, “What Brazil’s Election Means for U.S. Tariffs on Brazilian Goods,” The Rio Times, October 26, 2026.
- Cited, “Is the U.S. Grid Open for Cyber Attacks? Chinese Inverters, Hidden Radios and a Years-Long Wait for Transformers,” Energy News Beat, October 8, 2026.
- Quoted, “USDA Disclosure Rule Could Snag Energy Project Deals,” Law360, September 18, 2026.
- Cited, “Are the Section 301 Tariffs Actually About Forced Labor, or Are They Just a New Trade Weapon?,” Coatings World, September 14, 2026.
- Quoted, “FCC Bans, Section 232 Floors, and a $10BN Tesla Bet,” Solarplaza, August 18, 2026.
- Quoted, “Foreign Inverter Crackdown Threatens to Slow US Battery Storage Boom,” Recharge News, August 18, 2026.
- Cited, “Tariffs Raise Prices, Plain and Simple,” SupplyChainBrain, June 24, 2026.
- Cited, “Trump’s Trade War Has a New Target: Forced Labor. The Case Behind It Is Far From Simple,” CNBC, June 9, 2026.
- Quoted, “Trump Tariff Refund Update: FedEx Would Pass Payments to Customers,” Newsweek, February 27, 2026.
- Quoted, “Trump National Security Tariffs Threaten $621BN in Trade With Asia,” Nikkei Asia, January 26, 2026.
- Mentioned, “Troutman Pepper Launches Tariff Task Force,” Law360, February 20, 2025.
- Quoted, “Nippon Steel/U.S. Steel: Legal Challenge to Biden Ban Faces Tough Odds,” The Capitol Forum, January 7, 2025.
- Quoted, “EPA Clean Cars Rule Charts Auto Industry Transformation,” Law360, March 22, 2024.
- Quoted, “Auto Cos. Gain Little Clarity In EV Battery Sourcing Rule,” Law360, March 31, 2023.
- Quoted, “The Most Closely Watched Merger Reviews of 2020,” Law360, January 1, 2020.
- Quoted, “Two Agencies, Two ‘Nascent Competitor’ Merger Challenges,” Law360, December 18, 2019.
- Quoted, “5 Questions Attys Want Answered By CFIUS Rulemaking,” Law360, August 30, 2019.
- Quoted, “3 Unexpected Ways CFIUS Reviews Can Be Triggered,” Law360, March 7, 2018.
- Quoted, “DraftKings, FanDuel Can Focus on DFS Legalization Post-Deal,” Law360, July 17, 2017.
- Quoted, “Generic Drug Price-Fixing Suits Just Tip of the Iceberg,” Law360, January 6, 2017.




